Rapid Palatal Expansion: Uses, Treatment Phases and Procedures

What is Rapid Palatal Expansion (RPE)?

Rapid palatal expansion (RPE) is an orthodontic treatment used to widen the upper jaw and create more space in the mouth. It involves using an appliance called an expander that is fixed to the upper back teeth and uses steady pressure to push the two halves of the upper jaw outward.

Reasons for RPE Treatment

Some common reasons RPE may be recommended include:

• Insufficient space for coming in permanent teeth
• Crossbites - when upper and lower jaws don't properly line up
• Breathing issues like sleep apnea

The RPE Appliance Expander

The expander appliance used for RPE may be fixed or removable. It has a screw mechanism that allows the orthodontist to activate it to steadily push the upper jaw halves apart. Activation protocols vary based on each patient's needs.

RPE Treatment Phases

Initial Widening/Expansion Phase

This first phase focuses on gradual expansion through appliance adjustments, typically over 2-4 weeks. Patients will need to see their orthodontist regularly during this period.

Retention Phase

After achieving the desired expansion, the appliance will be left in place for a retention period of 3-6 months without further widening. This allows new bone to fill in and stabilize the widening.

Removal and Retention with Night Guard

Finally, the expander can be removed and a night guard may be used to maintain results while slowly allowing teeth to settle into proper alignment.

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FAQs

What does rapid palatal expansion treatment involve?

Rapid palatal expansion (RPE) treatment uses an appliance called an expander that is affixed to the upper molars. It uses steady outward pressure to expand and widen the upper jaw. Patients undergo an initial expansion phase over 2-4 weeks where the appliance is intermittently adjusted, followed by a 3-6 month retention period to allow new bone growth in the widened space.

Who is a candidate for RPE treatment?

Patients having issues like crowded or crooked teeth, incorrect jaw alignment causing crossbites, breathing impairments like sleep apnea, or inadequate space for incoming permanent teeth may benefit from RPE treatment. An orthodontist evaluates each case to decide if RPE is appropriate.

Is the RPE expander painful or uncomfortable?

The expansion process may cause minor discomfort. There will be pressure against the palate and upper molars as they are moved outward. Medications can relieve soreness and sensitivity especially when adjusting the RPE appliance during the expansion phase.

How long does rapid palatal expansion take?

The initial rapid widening of the jaw takes about 2 to 4 weeks through intermittent activation and adjustment of the expander. This is followed by a longer retention period of at least 3 months and sometimes up to 6 months to allow new bone formation and stabilization. So total RPE treatment can range from 16 weeks up to 34 weeks depending on each patient’s specific needs.