Proper Handwashing Technique to Prevent Illness and Infection Spread

The Importance of Handwashing

Handwashing is one of the easiest and most effective ways to prevent the spread of infection. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, handwashing can reduce diarrhea rates by 30% and respiratory infections by 21%. Keeping our hands clean should be a major priority for everyone.

Removing Germs Through Handwashing

When we wash our hands properly with soap and water, we physically remove dirt, grease, and germs. Soap helps to loosen microbes from the skin so they can then be rinsed off under running water. We should lather and scrub our hands for at least 20 seconds before rinsing to get rid of as many germs as possible.

Blocking Transmission of Bacteria

Washing eliminates bacteria that can otherwise spread easily from person to person or from contact with contaminated surfaces. Bacteria like salmonella, E. coli, and staphylococcus can lead to severe gastrointestinal distress or other illnesses if allowed to enter the body through the mouth, nose, or eyes.

When Handwashing is Most Important

While keeping hands clean should become a habit, there are certain times when it's absolutely critical to wash properly with soap and water.

Before, During, and After Food Preparation

Handwashing before touching food will prevent germs from contaminating our meals. Bacteria left on utensils, cutting boards, dishes, etc. can then multiply and spread. Be sure to wash again after cracking eggs, touching raw meats, and handling other foods that may have high bacterial loads even before cooking.

After Using the Restroom

Our hands inevitably come into contact with germs whenever we use the toilet. Handwashing after urinating or moving bowels is non-negotiable. Additionally, members of households with infections like salmonella or norovirus should wash hands thoroughly after every bathroom visit to contain the illness.

When Caring for Sick People

Those caring for anyone with a contagious respiratory, skin (ex. MRSA), or stomach condition must remain vigilant about hand hygiene. Meticulous handwashing containing anti-microbial ingredients when directly caring for the sick can limit further spreading.

Proper Handwashing Technique

Simply rinsing quickly with water is not enough. Follow these steps for most effective handwashing:

Use Warm Running Water

Warm water works better to dissolve soap and loosen grime. Cold water is harder on the skin as well. Moisten hands before reaching for the soap.

Lather and Scrub for 20 Seconds

Rub both front and back of hands, between fingers, under nails (with a brush), etc. Hum the "Happy Birthday" song twice to ensure you scrub for at least 20 seconds.

Rinse and Dry Thoroughly

Leave no soap behind, as residues may allow some germs to survive. Drying properly also further removes moisture where microbes thrive.

Instilling Better Handwashing Habits

Improving individuals' hand hygiene, especially children, requires patience and the right motivation. Here are some tips:

Lead by Example

Kids notice when adults do not practice good handwashing! Always wash properly yourself first before telling children to do so.

Make It Fun

Have kids sing a 20-second song they know while lathering. Give them wiping and drying tasks. Praise them for becoming a "handwashing expert."

Post Visual Reminders

Place illustrated handwashing signs near sinks. Stickers work too. The CDC offers free printable signs to post at home.

FAQs

Why is handwashing with soap better than just rinsing with water?

Soap contains ingredients that help remove oil, dirt, and microorganisms from the skin surface. The surfactants in soap lift germs off the hands, allowing them to then be rinsed away by water. Water alone does not effectively eliminate transient bacteria.

What kind of soap is best for handwashing?

Liquid soap or foam soaps are better than bar soap, as bars can get very dirty with repeated use by multiple people. Any mild soap that lathers up well is effective for handwashing. Antibacterial ingredients provide some added germ-killing action but are not essential.

Do I need to use hot water to wash my hands?

Warm or hot water is better than cold for dissolving soap, loosening debris, and preventing chapping of skin. However, temperature is less important than technique and duration. If only cold water is available, you can still wash hands effectively.

How do I get kids to wash their hands more reliably?

Make it fun by singing a 20+ second song or challenging them to scrub certain areas. Praise them when they wash properly. Lead by example and wash your own hands first. Post visual reminders near sinks and eating areas.