Getting a Green Card and Social Security Number in the US

Getting a Green Card and Social Security Number

For many immigrants to the United States, obtaining a green card (permanent resident status) and Social Security Number (SSN) are important steps. A green card allows a person to live and work permanently in the US. A SSN is required to work, pay taxes, open bank accounts, and access government services.

Eligibility for a Green Card

There are several paths to getting a green card, including through family, employment, refugee/asylum status, and other special programs. Each program has its own eligibility requirements regarding age, work experience, English fluency, and more. Applicants generally must submit paperwork and pass background checks.

Getting a Social Security Number

Once approved for lawful permanent residence with a valid green card, immigrants can apply for a SSN. This nine-digit number is issued by the Social Security Administration to track wages and eligibility for Social Security benefits. Form SS-5 must be completed and proper identification documents submitted in person at the SSA office.

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FAQs

What are the basic eligibility requirements for a green card?

There are several eligibility paths to getting a green card, but some of the most common requirements are: having an eligible family member sponsor you, having certain professional skills or work experience, making a substantial investment in a U.S. business, or being a refugee or asylee. Applicants generally must pass background checks as well.

How long does it take to get a green card?

Green card processing times can vary greatly depending on your individual case. Some categories like family-sponsored green cards can take years due to backlogs and annual quotas. But other cases like employment-based green cards or green cards through investment can be faster - some within 6 months to 1 year.

Can I work in the U.S. while my green card application is pending?

In most cases, applicants are not authorized to work while their green card application is pending. An exception is if you are currently in the U.S. on a valid work visa and file to adjust status to permanent resident. But without a current work authorization, you must wait until your green card application is approved.

What documents do I need to apply for a Social Security Number?

When you apply for a SSN, you will need documents that prove your age, identity, and U.S. immigration status (such as your approved green card), as well as complete a Form SS-5 application. You generally apply in-person at your local Social Security Administration office.