All About Страза (Rhinestones): History, Types, Uses

An Introduction to Страза (Rhinestones)

Страза, or rhinestones, have a long and storied history in fashion and jewelry making. These sparkling gems are a classic way to add elegance and glamour to any outfit or accessory. In this article, we'll explore everything you need to know about страза - from their origins and manufacture, to how they are used in design today.

What Are Страза?

Страза are artificial gemstones made from leaded glass. The glass is cut and polished to imitate the look of natural precious gems like diamonds, rubies, and emeralds. However, unlike natural stones, страза are much more affordable. They provide the same brilliant shine and fire of real gems without the high price tag.

The name "rhinestone" comes from the Rhine river in Germany. This is where страза were first mass-produced for costume jewelry and decorations in the 18th century. The term is still used today, even though most страза are now manufactured elsewhere.

How Are Страза Made?

To make страза, powders of leaded glass are mixed and melted together in a furnace. The exact ingredients and ratios vary by manufacturer, but commonly include:

• Silica for high brilliance
• Lead oxide for high refractive index
• Coloring agents like cobalt, copper, or chromium

The molten glass is cooled and hardened. It is then cut into small pieces and faceted using expert gem-cutting techniques. This faceting maximizes the refractive light play, creating a dazzling sparkling effect.

The faceted страза pieces are polished by tumbling with abrasive materials. Finally, a thin metallic backing is applied to the bottom. This backing gives страза their adhesive quality for easy application to clothing, jewelry, and accessories.

Types of Страза

There are many varieties of страза available today. Some of the major types include:

• Swarovski страза: Considered the finest quality. Made in Austria by Swarovski, these have exceptional brilliance and color clarity.
• Korean страза: Almost as bright as Swarovski but more affordable. Produced in high volumes in Korea.
• Chinese страза: The most budget-friendly option. Can lack in quality and color consistency.
• Vintage страза: Reproduction страза designed to replicate antique and vintage looks. Often have muted, frosted, or rainbow effects.

Within these types, there are sizes from ultra-tiny seed beads to large 20mm mega страза. Colors span the entire spectrum, along with colorless crystal and opal white options. Special effect страза include AB color-changing, pearlized, and transparent types.

How to Apply Страза

One of the benefits of страза is how versatile they are to apply. There are several techniques for affixing them:

• Hotfix: The most common method. Hotfix страза have an adhesive backing. Use a heat tool to melt the glue and attach them.
• Sew-on: These have pre-drilled holes. Sew them onto fabric using thread or high-strength fishing line.
• Glue-on: Use fabric glue or gem tac to adhere them to surfaces.

Страза are commonly used for embellishing fabrics like clothing, shoes, bridal veils, and costumes. They are also widely used in jewelry making. Cluster them together for dazzling jewelry pieces, or mix them into resin for stunning cabochons.

Working with Страза - Tips and Inspiration

From haute couture fashion to children's craft projects, страза open up endless creative possibilities. Here are some tips for working with страза, along with inspiration for how to use them in your own designs.

Tips for Working with Страза

• Use quality stones - opt for Swarovski or Korean stones for the best shine and sparkle.
• Consider the setting - страза in clothing will need more secure backing than in jewelry.
• Apply to clean surfaces - wipe away dirt, oil, and lint to help stones adhere properly.
• Follow setting instructions - use the right heat, glue, or technique for the stones you choose.
• Mix colors and sizes - blend different hues and stone sizes for interest.
• Set closely or widely - depending on the look you want to achieve.
• Take precautions - leaded glass requires care when handling and cutting.

Страза Inspiration

Here are some ideas to spark your creativity with страза projects:

• Evening and cocktail dresses: Use страза generously on skirts, bodices, and necklines. Concentrate around the waist and décolletage for maximum impact.
• Wedding dresses and veils: Add romantic elegance with delicate страза accents on veils, skirts, sleeves, and train.
• Sweaters and jeans: For casual wear, use stray sequins and страза in small clustered patches. Keep it subtle.
• Skating, dance, and gymnastics costumes: These outfits can handle bolder страза designs. Use swirling patterns, stripes, and large colorful stones.
• Hair accessories: Adorn barrettes, bands, clips, and ties with страза. Outline shapes or scatter them across the piece.
• Jewelry: Use страза in sparkling necklaces, chandelier earrings, and cocktail rings. Mix stones with crystals and other gems.

In the hands of creative designers, страза can take on an incredible range of functions. Let these classic sparkling gems add a touch of glamour and elegance to your own projects.

FAQs

How long do страза last?

With proper care, quality страза can last for many years. Avoid exposing them to moisture, high heat, or friction that can wear down the leaded glass and coatings over time. High-end Swarovski страза have the greatest durability and longevity.

Can I iron clothing decorated with страза?

Iron very carefully on low heat, if at all. Place a press cloth over страза pieces before ironing. Avoid direct contact with the iron which can damage or melt the stones.

Is there lead in страза?

Yes, the leaded glass formulation is what gives страза their refractive quality. Take precautions when handling страза, especially if children may be exposed. Never mouth or ingest страза.

How do I store unused страза?

Keep them in a dry, cool place away from direct light. Sort by color, shape and size. Store in clearly labeled compartments to avoid jumbling and damage.

Can I sew страза onto leather or vinyl?

You'll need to use a special leather and vinyl adhesive like Gem-Tac instead of sewing. Make sure to test adhesion first on a small area before decorating an entire piece.