Discover the Vibrant South African Flower Gomphrena - Its Uses, Varieties and Growing Tips

An Introduction to Gomphrena, a Vibrant Flower Native to South Africa

Known by its common name globe amaranth or gomphrena, this eye-catching flower has an intriguing history rooted in South African culture. With its vibrant pom pom blooms available in colors like hot pink, purple, orange, red and white, it's no wonder gomphrena has become a beloved addition to gardens, floral arrangements and DIY craft projects worldwide.

The Origins and Symbolism of Gomphrena

Gomphrena is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia and Central America. There are over 120 species within the gomphrena genus, with many cultivars and hybrids available today. The most commonly grown ornamental species is Gomphrena globosa, which features round, clover-shaped flower heads made up of hundreds of tiny individual blooms.

In South Africa, gomphrena is known by its Zulu name uqweqwe. It grows wild in some regions and has been used traditionally for medicinal purposes. The Xhosa people have long incorporated orange globe amaranths into celebrations, believing the bright color represents happiness and longevity.

During the 17th century, gomphrena was brought to Europe and then later to North America and Australia as a garden plant. It became known as an everlasting flower due to its long vase life of over two weeks after being cut. Gomphrena's resilience even when dried has made it a popular element in dried flower arranging.

Growing Conditions for Gomphrena

Gomphrena thrives in the warm, humid environments it evolved in. Most species prefer full sun exposure and average to dry soil. Potted gomphrena should be watered when the top inch of soil becomes dry. Established plants are fairly drought-tolerant, making gomphrena an ideal choice for hot, low-maintenance garden beds.

This annual flower can be grown from seed started indoors 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost. Transplant seedlings to the garden after hardening off for 7-10 days. Gomphrena can also be propagated from tip cuttings taken during the growing season.

Deadheading spent blooms regularly encourages continual flowering on most gomphrena species. Trim plants back periodically to promote bushy, compact growth. Gomphrena typically blooms from early summer until first frost. In frost-free climates, it may flower year-round.

The Unique Uses and Benefits of Gomphrena

With its long vase life and ability to retain its colorful blossoms even when dried, gomphrena has become a mainstay filler flower for fresh and everlasting bouquets. The individual blooms and bracts can be removed for use in potpourri or pressed flower art.

Herbalists have traditionally used gomphrena to treat a variety of ailments. Tea made from the leaves has been used as a remedy for stomach pains, fever, diabetes and high blood pressure. Recent research has uncovered antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-lowering effects from gomphrena extract.

In the cuisine of Panama and other Latin American countries, gomphrena's edible flowers and leaves are added to salads or fritters. They can provide a vibrant pop of color and mild sweet flavor. The seeds are also edible when toasted.

With their foam-like makeup, gomphrena blooms are sometimes used as a natural bath or body scrub. Their inclusion in skincare products is believed to aid hydration and circulation. Cosmetic companies have also utilized the colors extracted from gomphrena as natural dyes.

Popular Varieties of Gomphrena

The globe amaranths commonly grown as ornamental plants include:

• Gomphrena globosa - Features spherical blooms on stems ranging from dwarf types under 12 inches to taller varieties reaching 3 feet. This species comes in purple, pink, white, red, orange, yellow and multi-colored cultivars.
• Gomphrena haageana - Known as strawflower globe amaranth, it has straw-like blooms in white, pink, red and purple hues.
• Gomphrena serrata - Called wild tobacco, its loose plumes bloom in white, pinks, purples and magenta.
• Gomphrena pulchella - An upright gomphrena with sprays of tiny flowers on tall, erect stems.

There are also many hybrids available, such as 'Fireworks', 'Audray Pink', 'Las Vegas' and 'Miami Purple'. Miniature gomphrena cultivars like 'Gnome' and 'Tiny Torches' work well in containers or edging the front of garden beds.

Incorporating Gomphrena into Your Garden

Gomphrena makes a carefree addition to garden beds, borders, cutting gardens and containers. Its neat mounds of foliage and continuous flowers create pops of color among other plants. Gomphrena combines beautifully with fellow heat-loving annuals like zinnias, marigolds, celosia and salvia.

Try mass planting gomphrena in bold swaths of color or tuck individual plants into bare spots. Let it flow casually from hanging baskets and window boxes. Gomphrena also adds bright accents along pathways, around mailboxes and in other hot, dry locations.

For dried arrangements, grow cultivars specifically for drying like 'Strawburst', 'Fireworks' and 'Audray Purple'. Cut stems when blooms are fully open. Hang upside down to dry in a warm, dark area for 1-2 weeks. The dried blooms and foliage will retain their form and color for months.

With its exotic South African roots and enduring charm, gomphrena is sure to beautify your garden with its carefree vibrancy all season long. This cheerful flower's staying power, versatility and vivid colors make it a mainstay for gardens, bouquets and crafts.

Gomphrena FAQs

What are some other common names for gomphrena?

Gomphrena is also known as globe amaranth, bachelor's button, and everlasting flower.

What colors does gomphrena come in?

Gomphrena is available in many vibrant colors like purple, pink, white, red, orange, yellow, magenta and multi-colored varieties.

Is gomphrena an annual or perennial?

Gomphrena species are considered tender perennials but they are usually grown as annuals in most climates.

What are the main uses for gomphrena?

Gomphrena is most popular as a fresh cut flower and as a dried flower for everlasting arrangements. It also has edible and medicinal uses.

Does gomphrena attract pollinators?

Yes, the brightly colored blooms of gomphrena attract beneficial pollinators like bees, butterflies and hummingbirds.

Is gomphrena toxic to pets?

Gomphrena is considered non-toxic to dogs, cats and horses. However, ingestion of any plant material may cause stomach upset in sensitive animals.

What is the best way to start gomphrena from seed?

Start gomphrena seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before last frost. Transplant seedlings to the garden after hardening off for 7-10 days.

How far apart should gomphrena be planted?

Space gomphrena plants 6-12 inches apart depending on the mature size. Dwarf varieties can be planted 4 inches apart.

Does gomphrena need full sun?

Gomphrena thrives in full sun exposure. At least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day is recommended.

Is gomphrena drought tolerant?

Once established, most gomphrena species are quite drought tolerant and require little watering.

What is the best way to dry gomphrena flowers?

Cut fully opened flower heads and hang upside down in a warm, dry, dark place for 1-2 weeks until completely dried.