Understanding Kyphosis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

Understanding Kyphosis

Kyphosis, also known as roundback or hunchback, is a condition characterized by an excessive outward curve of the spine in the upper back area. This gives the upper back a rounded appearance. Kyphosis can affect people of any age, but it is most common in older adults as a result of degenerative changes in the spine that occur with aging.

What Causes Kyphosis?

There are several possible causes of kyphosis:

• Normal aging - the spinal discs lose fluid and flexibility with age
• Scheuermann's disease - abnormal growth of the vertebrae during adolescence
• Osteoporosis - weakening of bones
• Trauma or injury - fractures or damage to the vertebrae
• Congenital defects - vertebrae don't form properly
• Other conditions like arthritis, scoliosis, etc.

Symptoms of Kyphosis

People with kyphosis may experience:

• Stooped, hunched over posture
• Rounded upper back
• Back pain or stiffness
• Fatigue from back muscles working harder to support the abnormal curve
• Difficulty breathing if curve is severe
• Self-esteem or body image issues

Diagnosing Kyphosis

Kyphosis is diagnosed through a physical exam and imaging tests like x-rays or MRI. Your doctor will assess the curve of your spine and look for any underlying conditions that could be causing it. They may order scans to get a closer look at the vertebrae and measure the degree of the spinal curve.

Classifying Kyphosis

There are different classifications of kyphosis:

• Postural kyphosis - exaggerated curve due to poor posture, quite flexible and can be improved with exercise and postural training.
• Scheuermann's kyphosis - abnormal growth of vertebrae leading to wedging, occurs in teens.
• Congenital kyphosis- vertebrae don't form properly during development.
• Degenerative kyphosis - excessive curve due to aging changes in spine.

When to See a Doctor

See your doctor if you notice these signs of kyphosis:

• Increasing curve of upper back
• Persistent back pain
• Trouble breathing
• Height loss of 1.5 inches or more
• Restricted mobility
• Neurological symptoms like numbness

Early evaluation and treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent progression in some types of kyphosis.

Treating Kyphosis

Treatment options for kyphosis may include:

Postural Exercises and Training

For flexible postural kyphosis, exercises to improve posture, strengthen back muscles, and stretch the chest can help retrain proper spinal alignment. Yoga, pilates, and targeted exercises are beneficial.

Bracing

Wearing a back brace can help support the spine and slow curve progression in some types of kyphosis.

Pain Medications

Over-the-counter pain relievers or prescription medications may be used to manage discomfort.

Surgery

For severe, rigid curves, surgery may be done to correct spine deformity. Procedures like spinal fusion involve implanting rods and screws to stabilize the spine.

Coping with Kyphosis

In addition to medical treatments, there are things you can do to manage living with kyphosis:

• Improve posture and strengthen back with exercises.
• Use good body mechanics to avoid injury.
• Try supportive braces or equipment if needed.
• Maintain a healthy weight to avoid extra strain.
• Modify activities that exacerbate pain.
• Join a support group to connect with others.
• Seek counseling for self-esteem or body image concerns.

Prevention

To help prevent excessive kyphosis:

• Use good posture when standing and sitting.
• Strengthen core muscles to support the spine.
• Do regular weight-bearing and flexibility exercises.
• Maintain proper nutrition for bone health.
• Avoid activities that overload the spine.
• Use proper lifting techniques.
• Get treatment for injuries or conditions early.

Outlook for Kyphosis

The prognosis for kyphosis depends on the underlying cause and severity. Mild flexible kyphosis can often be improved with exercise and bracing. Severe, fixed curves may lead to lung impairment, deformity, and disability if untreated. Early intervention provides the best opportunity to manage kyphosis progression and symptoms.

While kyphosis can't always be fully corrected, a variety of nonsurgical and surgical treatments are available to reduce pain, improve posture, restore mobility, and enhance quality of life. Working closely with your doctor and spine specialist allows you to find the most effective approach to managing your individual case of kyphosis.

FAQs

What are the main causes of kyphosis?

The main causes of kyphosis include normal aging, Scheuermann's disease, osteoporosis, trauma or injury, congenital defects, and other conditions like arthritis or scoliosis.

What types of doctors treat kyphosis?

Orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, physiatrists, osteopaths, chiropractors, and physical therapists can all be involved in treating kyphosis.

Is kyphosis the same thing as scoliosis?

No, kyphosis and scoliosis are different spinal conditions. Kyphosis causes an excessive forward curve of the upper spine while scoliosis causes abnormal side-to-side curvature.

Can kyphosis be prevented?

While kyphosis can't always be prevented, practicing good posture, building core strength, exercising regularly, and getting early treatment for spinal conditions can help reduce risk.

Is surgery always necessary for kyphosis treatment?

No, surgery is not always needed. Mild cases can often be managed with nonsurgical options like bracing, exercise, pain medication, and postural training.