The Unique Properties and History of Durable Chino Fabric

What is Chino Fabric?

Chino fabric, sometimes referred to as chino cloth, is a type of twill fabric often used to make casual trousers called chinos. The fabric is known for its slightly rough texture and ability to be both durable and comfortable. Chino fabric is composed of 100% cotton and has a distinct diagonal ribbing pattern that sets it apart from other types of fabrics.

History of Chino Fabric

The origins of chino fabric can be traced back to mid-19th century India under British rule. The fabric was first worn by British and French military personnel stationed in India as part of their summer uniforms. The fabric kept them cool in the hot tropical climate. The name "chino" comes from the Spanish word "chino" meaning Chinese. This refers to the original khaki color of the trousers, which were inspired by the loose-fitting trousers worn by Chinese laborers at the time.

After World War II, American GIs returning home from the war continued to wear surplus chinos from their uniforms as casual clothing. They liked chino fabric's durability and breathability. Over time, the popularity of chinos expanded beyond soldiers to the mainstream public in the United States and beyond.

Production of Chino Fabric

The vast majority of chino fabric today is made in China, with some production also occurring in India, Pakistan, Turkey, and Latin America. The fabric undergoes a specialized dyeing and finishing process that gives chino cloth its signature rough texture.

It starts with raw, undyed cotton twill fabric. The fabric is first scoured to remove any impurities from the cotton. Then it goes through several rounds of dying using vat dyes to achieve its tan khaki color and other shades like navy, black, gray, olive green and white.

After dyeing, the fabric goes through a process called sanforization where it is shrunk to account for future washings. The fabric is stretched and skewed as part of this process to create the distorted twill pattern unique to chinos. Finally, the fabric is brushed and processed through rollers engraved with diagonal lines to better bring out the twill’s distinct diamond pattern.

Properties of Chino Fabric

There are several key properties of chino fabric that has made it such a popular choice for casual pants and clothing:

Breathability

The open weave construction of cotton twill allows chino fabric to be lightweight and breezy. This makes garments made from the fabric comfortable to wear in warm weather and for casual activities.

Durability

Despite its lightweight feel, chino fabric is known for its strength and durability from the tightly woven cotton twill. It holds up well to repeated machine washing without shrinking, fraying or pilling.

Softness

Chino fabric has a distinctively soft handfeel from brushing and finishing. This makes it significantly more comfortable against the skin than other heavyweight twill fabrics.

Casual Appearance

The nubby texture and diagonal twill ribbing give chino fabric a relaxed look. This makes it preferable for more casual pants, shorts and jackets over dressier woven fabrics.

Wrinkle Resistance

Chino fabric is somewhat prone to wrinkles but less so than other types of cotton fabrics. Items made from the fabric can usually fare well without needing ironing.

Affordability

As a widely produced cotton fabric, chino fabric is typically affordable for most consumers. This makes chinos an versatile, low-cost wardrobe staple.

Types of Chino Fabrics

There are a few common varieties of chino fabric:

100% Cotton Chino

The most popular and traditional type of chino fabric is made of 100% cotton. Pure cotton chinos have excellent breathability for warm climates but can feel heavier in colder temperatures.

Cotton-Synthetic Blends

Blended chino fabrics incorporate synthetic fibers like polyester to make the fabric lighter and enhance properties like wrinkle resistance. A common blend is 98% cotton 2% spandex for added stretch and comfort.

Canvas Chinos

Canvas chino fabrics use thicker cotton yarns for a more substantial feel. They mimic the durability and structured drape of classic canvas work pants but in a softer chino weave.

Stretch Chinos

Stretch chino fabrics incorporate spandex fibers, giving the fabric enhanced flexibility and ease of movement. This makes them popular for athletic and active pants.

How to Care for Chino Fabric

Chino fabric is relatively easy to care for. Here are some best practices for washing and caring for chino items:

Machine Washing

Chinos can be safely machine washed in cold water on a gentle or permanent press cycle. Tumble drying on low can help reduce wrinkling.

Ironing

Ironing is optional for chino fabrics. Use a medium heat cotton setting. Ironing while still slightly damp can help refreshen the fabric.

Avoid Bleach

Never use chlorine bleach on colored chino fabric as it can damage dyes and fibers. Oxygen bleach is gentler when needed.

Fold Properly

Fold chinos smoothly along seams to help prevent wrinkles in storage. Refolding occasionally maintains sharp creases.

With proper care, chino fabric can maintain its durability, softness and appearance for years to come.

The Popularity of Chino Fabric

Chino fabric has been a mainstay in fashion for over a century thanks to its versatile comfort. Originally worn by laborers and soldiers, it successfully made the transition into mainstream menswear and womenswear.

Today, chinos are a modern wardrobe basic found everywhere from the golf course to college campuses to the office. Chino shorts have also become a popular casual warm weather option. In fashion, simplicity never goes out of style.

FAQs

What is chino twill fabric made of?

Chino fabric is made from 100% cotton woven in a twill construction, which gives it a distinctive diagonal ribbed texture. Cotton twill makes chino fabric breathable and comfortable for warm weather.

Why is chino fabric so popular?

Chino fabric is loved for being breathable, durable and comfortable. It also has an attractive nubby texture and casual appearance perfect for pants, shorts and jackets. The affordable cotton fabric is a versatile wardrobe staple.

How do you care for chino fabric?

Chinos made from chino fabric are generally machine washable in cold water and tumble dryer safe on low heat. Take care not to use chlorine bleach. Steam or iron while slightly damp to refresh chino items if needed.

Is chino fabric good for warmer or colder weather?

The breathable cotton twill fabric is excellent for keeping wearers cooler in warm weather. For cold temperatures, look for chino fabrics blended with synthetics or heavier canvas chino cloth to retain warmth better.