The History, Purpose and Styles of Ceiling Cornices in Interior Design

The History and Evolution of Ceiling Cornices

Ceiling cornices have been a decorative feature in architecture and interior design for centuries. Dating all the way back to ancient Greece and Rome, cornices were originally structural elements that helped divert rainwater away from buildings. The word “cornice” comes from the Italian word “cornici” meaning “ledge”. Over time, cornices evolved from purely functional to beautifully ornamental.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, cornices reached the height of popularity. During the Victorian era, ornate ceiling cornices featuring elaborate scrollwork and floral motifs came into fashion. The emergence of the Rococo and Neoclassical architectural styles also brought ornate, symmetrical cornice designs.

The Purpose and Function of Cornices

While cornices today are primarily decorative, they originally served the important purpose of protecting interiors from water damage. By projecting outwards, they redirected rainwater away from walls and ceilings. The overhang also helped protect facades from damage induced by weather exposure.

In addition to their practical application, cornices helped define architectural styles. Plain, rectangular cornices were common in Greek Revival homes, while Italianate Victorian houses featured highly decorative cornices. The type of cornice often depended on when and where a building was constructed.

Cornices also helped delineate the different parts of a building’s façade. Simple cornices may divide the levels between stories, while more elaborate designs indicate the roofline. This provides visual interest and depth to exteriors.

Popular Styles of Ceiling Cornices

There are many different ceiling cornice styles that have emerged throughout history. Some of the most popular include:

• Crown molding – A classic rectangular cornice popular in colonial American homes. Usually features some ornamentation.
• Dentils – Small, tooth-like blocks spaced evenly in a row. Part of classical Greek and Roman architecture.
• Egg-and-dart – Alternating egg shapes and dart or arrow designs carved along the length of the cornice.
• Modillions – Ornamental brackets or blocks underneath the cornice to support its overhang.
• Cyma recta - S-shaped molding with concave and convex curves. Used in neoclassical architecture.

More elaborate Victorian cornices may incorporate acanthus leaves, neoclassical motifs, scrolls, and other decorative elements. The styles are virtually limitless.

Choosing the Right Cornice for Your Home

Selecting a cornice is an impactful design decision. Here are some tips for choosing the right cornice for your space:

Consider Your Architectural Style

Match the cornice to your home’s existing architectural style for a cohesive look. For example, crown molding suits colonial homes, while Italianate Victorian houses look best with an ornate decorative cornice.

Complement the Ceiling Height

The height of your ceilings will influence the size of cornice needed. Taller ceilings call for wider and deeper cornices. More intimate spaces need shorter cornices to maintain proper proportions.

Define Spaces and Lines

Strategically place cornices to delineate spaces and horizontal lines. Use along the ceiling to define the transition from wall to ceiling. You can also install cornices along the tops of walls to differentiate room spaces.

Consider Scale and Visual Weight

Larger rooms can handle bolder cornices, while smaller spaces need something lighter. Ensure the cornice matches the room’s proportions. Bold cornice designs will also draw the eye, creating a focal point.

Fit With the Function of the Room

Formal spaces like dining rooms suit fancy cornice designs. For living areas and bedrooms, match the cornice to the overall style of the space. Keep kitchen and bathroom cornices simple for easy cleaning.

Installing Ceiling Cornices

Historically, ceiling cornices were constructed directly on site using plaster. Today, there are easy modern installation methods.

Pre-Made Versus Custom

For convenience and cost-effectiveness, opt for pre-made polyurethane or timber cornices. However, custom-designed plaster cornices create a true authentic finish. Work with skilled artisans to replicate heritage designs.

Adhesive Installation

Pre-made cornices come ready for easy adhesive installation. Ensure the mounting surface is smooth, clean and dry. Measure the area, cut the cornices to size and apply construction adhesive. Carefully press into place.

Nailing to Ceiling Joists

Nail lightweight polyurethane or timber cornices directly to ceiling joists for extra strength. This creates a smooth look, but is more complicated than using adhesive.

Finishing Touches

Fill any gaps with acrylic caulk designed for trims and moldings. Use painter’s tape to protect surfaces and touch-up paint to cover all nail holes. Consider adding subtle crown molding around the bottom to frame the cornice.

Maintaining Ceiling Cornices

Regular cleaning and minor repairs will help preserve your ceiling cornices.

Control Dust Build-Up

Use a vacuum with a brush attachment and soft nylon brush to routinely remove dust. This prevents accumulation and potential damage over time.

Spot Clean Stains

Use a microfiber cloth, warm water and mild detergent to spot clean stains as needed. Avoid excessive moisture and scrubbing.

Touch Up Paint

Inspect for scuffs or paint damage. Use small painter’s brushes to touch-up color as needed. Match the original finish.

Check for Damage

Look for loose areas, cracks or bowing. Repair with caulk and touch-up paint. Severe damage may require calling a professional.

With proper installation and care, ceiling cornices can remain beautiful for years. Choose a style that suits your home and elevates your interior architecture.

FAQs

What are the most popular styles of ceiling cornices?

Some of the most popular cornice styles include crown molding, dentils, egg-and-dart, modillions, and cyma recta. Victorian-era homes often featured ornate cornices with scrollwork and flowers.

Should I install a custom or pre-made cornice?

Pre-made cornices are affordable and easy to install with adhesive. Custom plaster cornices require more work but provide an authentic, seamless look.

How do I clean and maintain ceiling cornices?

Use a vacuum with a soft brush to regularly remove dust. Spot clean with a microfiber cloth and mild detergent. Watch for damage and touch-up paint as needed.

How do I choose the right cornice size and style?

Consider your room size, ceiling height, architectural style, and decor. Bold cornices suit larger spaces, while smaller rooms need lighter styles.

Should cornices be installed on walls or ceilings?

Cornices traditionally go along the tops of walls or edges of ceilings. Place them where you want to delineate spaces or horizontal lines.