Understanding the Cat 320 Excavator Track Adjuster System

Understanding the Cat 320 Track Adjuster

The Caterpillar 320 excavator, often referred to as the Cat 320, is a powerful and versatile machine used for a variety of heavy construction and demolition projects. One of the key components on the Cat 320 is the track adjuster, which plays an important role in keeping the tracks properly tensioned.

What Does the Track Adjuster Do?

The track adjuster on the Cat 320 is responsible for keeping tension on the tracks as they rotate around the drive sprockets and idler wheels. Proper track tension is crucial for several reasons:

• It prevents the tracks from slipping off or becoming disengaged.
• It reduces vibration and noise levels.
• It prevents abnormal wear of the tracks, sprockets and rollers.
• It ensures optimal power transmission and fuel efficiency.

Without proper track tension, the excavator will experience a host of issues that can lead to costly repairs and downtime. The track adjuster ensures the tracks stay in place and function smoothly throughout operation.

How the Track Adjuster Works

The Cat 320 uses a grease-type track adjuster on each side of the undercarriage. The adjusters consist of a grease cylinder, grease lines, grease fittings and relief valves. Here is an overview of how the system works:

• The grease cylinder connects to the idler wheel's inner hub.
• When grease is added to the cylinder, it expands and pushes the idler wheel away from the drive sprocket.
• This increases tension on the track as it rotates around the idler and drive sprocket.
• Relief valves prevent over-pressurization of the grease cylinder.
• Grease fittings allow easy periodic injection of fresh grease when needed.

The track adjusters include a tension indicator that shows the current track tension. The operator can glance at the indicator and quickly tell if the tracks need adjustment.

Performing Routine Maintenance

To keep the Cat 320 track adjusters working properly, regular maintenance is a must. Here are some important maintenance tips:

• Inspect the tension indicators frequently and adjust as needed to maintain proper track sag.
• Lubricate the grease fittings daily and check for leaks.
• Remove debris and dirt buildup from the adjuster assembly and rails.
• Check the grease cylinder barrel for signs of damage or excessive wear.
• Inspect the track shoes and rollers for uneven wear, which may indicate improper tension.
• Make sure Relief valves are clean and operating properly.

The Caterpillar service manual provides detailed procedures for safely inspecting and adjusting the 320's track tensioning system. Technicians should follow all safety precautions when working around the tracks and their tensioning components.

Warning Signs of Track Adjuster Failure

Some common signs that the Cat 320's track adjuster needs repair include:

• Loose or vibrating tracks.
• Squeaking or popping sounds from the tracks.
• Visible back-and-forth movement of the idler wheel.
• Leaking grease around the track adjusters.
• Bent or damaged grease cylinder barrels.
• Stiff or frozen track adjusters.

If any of these warning signs appear, have a certified Cat service technician inspect and repair the track adjusters promptly. Continued operation with malfunctioning adjusters can lead to major problems.

Replacing Damaged Track Adjusters

Over time, the track adjusters may become so badly worn or damaged that they require replacement. Some common reasons for track adjuster replacement include:

• Severely leaking grease cylinders.
• Bent or cracked grease cylinder barrels.
• Stripped or crossed grease fitting threads.
• Broken tension indicator cables.
• Malfunctioning relief valves.

Replacing the track adjusters involves removing the old assembly, installing new components, and properly tensioning the tracks. It's highly recommended to use genuine Cat parts when replacing track adjusters to ensure optimal durability and performance.

Maintaining Proper Track Tension

Proper track tension is so important on the Cat 320 excavator that the track adjusters should be inspected daily. The tension should be adjusted whenever needed to keep the tracks in good condition and prevent unnecessary wear and tear.

By understanding how the track adjusters work, performing routine maintenance, and watching for signs of damage, 320 operators can help ensure this critical component functions smoothly for years to come.

FAQs

How often should I check the track tension on my Cat 320?

Track tension should be inspected daily on the Cat 320 excavator. Adjust the tension as needed to maintain proper track sag.

What are some signs that my 320's track adjusters need repair?

Look for loose tracks, popping sounds, leaking grease, damaged cylinders, stiff movement, and uneven track wear, which indicate a problem with the adjusters.

Why is it important to maintain proper track tension?

Proper tension prevents tracks from slipping off, reduces vibration, prevents abnormal wear, and ensures optimal power transmission and fuel efficiency.

How do I properly lubricate the track adjusters?

Lubricate the grease fittings daily and check for leaks. Use the specified grease and follow the procedures in the Caterpillar service manual.

When should I replace the track adjusters rather than repair them?

Consider replacing the adjusters if cylinders are leaking badly, barrels are cracked, grease fittings are stripped, cables are broken, or relief valves malfunction.