Hammerhead Planarian Flatworms - Regeneration Genetics

The Amazing Regenerative Powers of Planarian Worms

Planarian Flatworm Biology and Neoblast Stem Cells

Genes Involved in Planarian Head Regrowth and Patterning

Developing a "Hammerhead" Planarian Mutant

The Discovery of the Smed-βcatenin-1 Gene

Overactivating Smed-βcatenin-1 Results in Bizarre Hammerhead Shape

Implications for Understanding Regeneration

FAQs

What are planarian flatworms?

Planarian flatworms are a species of flatworm capable of regenerating entire bodies from tiny fragments. They have a large population of adult pluripotent stem cells, called neoblasts, which can differentiate into any cell type.

How are planarians able to regenerate so well?

Planarians owe their immense regenerative capacities to neoblasts. These adult stem cells can proliferate and turn into whatever new cells and tissues are needed to regrow body parts that were lost. They are also the only dividing cells in the planarian body.

What causes the "hammerhead" shape in genetically modified planarians?

Overactivating a gene called Smed-βcatenin-1 causes planarians to regrow a strange second head resembling a hammerhead shark's flattened hammer-shaped head. This suggests the gene controls head formation and regeneration.

Why is the hammerhead mutation interesting to researchers?

The hammerhead planarians provide the first model in which scientists can study genes that regulate proper head regeneration. Normally freshwater planarians regenerate heads perfectly. The mutation sheds light on genetic controls behind head patterning.